The patient is having trouble breathing and seems upset.The patient shows discomfort, such as by grimacing or moaning.The patient is experiencing symptoms that were previously well controlled.The patient is experiencing onset of new symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, increasing confusion, anxiety, or restlessness.The patient is in pain that is not relieved by the prescribed dose of pain medication.A caregiver can contact the patient's doctor or nurse for help in any of the following situations: There may be times when the caregiver needs assistance from the patient's health care team. People caring for patients at home should ask them if they’re comfortable, if they feel any pain, and if they’re having any other physical problems. How do doctors know how long a person will continue to live? More information about advance directives can be found below in the Related Resources section of this fact sheet. However, if a person does become too sick before they have completed an advance directive, it’s helpful for family caregivers to know what type of care their loved one would want to receive. It’s important for people with cancer to have these decisions made before they become too sick to make them. They also designate who the patient chooses as the decision-maker for their care when they are unable to decide. Studies also show that patients prefer an open and honest conversation with their doctor about choices for end-of-life care early in the course of their disease and are more satisfied when they have this talk.Įxperts strongly encourage patients to complete advance directives, which are documents stating a person’s wishes for care. Research has shown that if a person who has advanced cancer discusses their options for care with a doctor early on, that person’s level of stress decreases and their ability to cope with illness increases. Questions and concerns that family members have about the end of life should be discussed with each other, as well as with the health care team, as they arise.Ĭommunication about end-of-life care and decision-making during the final months of a person’s life are very important. The signs and symptoms people have may vary as their illness continues, and each person has unique needs for information and support. The period at the end of life is different for each person. Hospice programs are the most comprehensive and coordinated providers of these services. Either way, services are available to help patients and their families with the medical, psychological, social, and spiritual issues around dying. Some people remain at home while receiving these treatments, whereas others enter a hospital or other facility.
Medicines and treatments people receive at the end of life can control pain and other symptoms, such as constipation, nausea, and shortness of breath. But the person’s care continues, with an emphasis on improving their quality of life and that of their loved ones, and making them comfortable for the following weeks or months. When a person’s health care team determines that the cancer can no longer be controlled, medical testing and cancer treatment often stop.